You could do it, they have 3-speed rear hubs that take 9-speed cassettes (SRAM and Sturmey both make them) and with a triple chainring, you'd have 109 gears, but as was mentioned, you'd duplicate a LOT of gears....
I'll give you an example.
With a Sturmey CS-RF3 hub, an 11-34 cassette, and a 22-32-42 crank, you'd end up with the following gear inches (assuming a 26" wheel):
Duplicate gears (within a half inch) are in red, and don't count. Most people couldn't tell the difference between 1 gear inch... if you widen the duplicate range to 1 gear inch, it eliminates another 20 gears or so.
small ring, 1:1 hub gear
16.8, 19, 22, 24.8, 28.6, 33.6, 38.1, 44, 52
middle ring, 1:1 hub gear
24.5, 27.7, 32, 36.2, 41.6, 48.9, 55.5, 64, 75.6
big ring, 1:1 hub gear
32.1, 36.4, 42, 47.5, 54.6, 64.2, 72.8, 84, 99.3
You can see, there's already a few gears duplicated. Putting the rear hub in 1st drops all gear ratios 25%, so you get:
12.6, 14.3, 16.5, 18.6, 21.5, 25.2, 28.6, 33, 39
18.4, 20.8, 24, 27.2, 31.2, 36.7, 41.6, 48, 56.7
24, 27.3, 31.5, 35.6, 41, 48.1, 54.6, 63, 74.5
And the hub in 3rd would be everything +33%
22.3, 25.3, 29.3, 33, 38, 44.7, 50.6, 58.5, 69.1
32.6, 36.8, 42.5, 48.1, 55.3, 65, 73.8, 85.1, 100.5
42.7, 48.4, 55.9, 63.2, 72.6, 85.4, 96.8, 111.7, 132