Sheldon calls them "flatted" while discussing Sturmey-Archer hubs. I'm not sure if there's a more tech-jargon term for them, though. Is yours from an IGH? Some riders will flatten a 3/8" or 9mm axle to fit older forks made for 5/16" axles. Other riders have flattened axles on singlespeed conversions where the frame has vertical dropouts, b/c this will allow them to tighten the axle down at a different spot for just a hair more adjustability for chain tension. But, for the most part, we see flatted axles on Internal Gear Hubs, to help keep the axle from rotating as the torque levels change in various gears....