Got the new freewheel in today, and that took care of the "thunk" problem. Put everything back together, and the derailleur was working fine. I had lubed the heck out of it, released the set screws, and worked it through it's full motion a number of times, so maybe that's what it needed. I did add 2 links of chain, but the chain was too slack after that and I took them back out.
Rode it up and down the street a few times and mostly everything feels really good. The front tire... the original from '71... feels pretty stiff. So I've got a new one coming since it's a rider. And the brake lever grips came loose, so I've got to figure a way, other than hair spray, to get them to stick.
Thanks for all the helpful ideas, they really helped me get to the solutions!